ABSTRAK Pengawas menelan obat (PMO) adalah salah satu bagian dari strategi Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) yang berfungsi untuk mengawasi pasien menelan obat. Peran PMO pada pasien Tuberkulosis (TB) yaitu mengawasi pasien TB menelan obat dan memastikan pasien TB memeriksa ulang dahak sesuai waktu yang telah ditentukan. Peran aktif dari PMO dapat mencegah pasien TB lalai dalam pengobatan sehingga mengurangi risiko terjadinya resistensi terutama Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara peran PMO terhadap kejadian MDR-TB. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan cohort retrospective. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling dan didapatkan jumlah sampel yaitu 42 yang dibagi menjadi 2 kategori yaitu PMO berperan aktif dan tidak aktif. Data primer pada penelitian ini diperoleh melalui kuisioner dan data sekunder diperoleh melalui rekam medis pasien. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square dengan confidence interval 95%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara peran PMO terhadap kejadian MDR-TB di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah dr.Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh (p>0,05). Kata Kunci: Pengawas menelan obat, Peran Pengawas menelan obat dan MDR-TB ABSTRACT Tuberculosis Treatment supporter is one part of the Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) strategies that implemented in order to eradicate Tuberculosis (TB). The role of the treatment supporter in TB patients is to supervise TB patients to take medication and ensure that TB patients re-examine their sputum in predetermined time. The active role of the treatment supporter can prevent the noncompliance of patients in the treatment, thereby reducing the risk of resistance, especially Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). This study aims to determine the relationship between the role of the treatment supporter and the incidence of MDR-TB. This study used a retrospective cohort design. The samples were collected by using purposive sampling technique and this study obtained 42 samples who were divided into active and inactive role of treatment supporter. The primary data were gathered by using questionnaires, meanwhile secondary data were gathered by patient’s medical records. The data were analyzed by using Chi-square test with 95% of confidence intervals. The Result of this research showed that there was no relation between the role of the treatment supporter againts Keywords: Treatment supporter, the role of treatment supporter, MDR-TB